Question 1
1. What is the main purpose of conducting a software testing process in developing a software
Software testing is performed to verify that the completed software package functions
according to the expectations defined by the requirements/specifications.
- Finding defects which may get created by the programmer while developing the software.
- Gaining confidence in and providing information about the level of quality.
- To make sure that the end result meets the business and user requirements.
- To ensure that it satisfies the BRS that is Business Requirement Specification and SRS that is System Requirement Specifications.
- To gain the confidence of the customers by providing them a quality product.
2.What are the reasons to have the bugs in developing software? Briefly explain the four reasons
- Miscommunication or no communication
Success of any software application depends on communication between stakeholders, development and testing teams. Unclear requirements and misinterpretation of requirements are two major factors causing defects in software. Also defects are introduced in development stage if exact requirements are not communicated properly to development teams.
- Software complexity
The complexity of current software applications can be difficult to comprehend for anyone without experience in modern-day software development. Windows-type interfaces, client-server and distributed applications, data communications, enormous relational databases, and sheer size of applications have all contributed to the exponential growth in software/system complexity. And the use of object-oriented techniques can complicate instead of simplify a project unless it is well-engineered.
- Programming errors
Programmers, like anyone else, can make mistakes. Not all developers are domain experts. Inexperienced programmers or programmers without proper domain knowledge can introduce simple mistakes while coding. Lack of simple coding practices, unit testing, debugging are some of the common reasons most issues get introduced at development stage.
- Changing requirements
The customer may not understand the effects of changes, or may understand and request them anyway – redesign, rescheduling of engineers, effects on other projects, work already completed that may have to be redone or thrown out, hardware requirements that may be affected, etc. If there are many minor changes or any major changes, known and unknown dependencies among parts of the project are likely to interact and cause problems, and the complexity of keeping track of changes may result in errors.Enthusiasm of engineering staff may be affected.
- Software development tools
Visual tools, class libraries, compilers, scripting tools, etc. often introduce their own bugs or are poorly documented, resulting in added bugs. Continuously changing software tools used by software programmers. Keeping pace with the different versions and their compatibility is a major ongoing issue.
- Lack of skilled testers
Having skilled testers with domain knowledge is extremely important for success of any project. But appointing all experienced testers is not possible for all companies. Domain knowledge and the tester’s ability to find defects can produce high quality software. Compromise on any of this can result in buggy software.
3.Explain the role of the developer in developing an error free software as the member of the development team
Question 2
1.What are the steps of basic test process in the software testing
- Planning and Control
- Analysis and Design
- Implementation and Execution
- Evaluating exit criteria and Reporting
- Test Closure activities
2.Briefly explain the test implementation and execution in a software process
- During test implementation and execution, we take the test conditions into test cases and procedures and other test ware such as scripts for automation, the test environment and any other test infrastructure. (Test cases is a set of conditions under which a tester will determine whether an application is working correctly or not.)
3.Explain in details the implementation methods of software application
- Test implementation has the following major task:
I) To develop and prioritize our test cases by using techniques and create test data for those tests. (In order to test a software application you need to enter some data for testing most of the features. Any such specifically identified data which
is used in tests is known as test data.)
We also write some instructions for carrying out the tests which is known as test
procedures.
We may also need to automate some tests using test harness and automated tests scripts.
(A test harness is a collection of software and test data for testing a program unit by
running it under different conditions and monitoring its behavior and outputs.)
II) To create test suites from the test cases for efficient test execution. (Test suite is a collection of test cases that are used to test a software program to show that it has some specified set of behaviors. A test suite often contains detailed instructions and information for each collection of test cases on the system configuration to be used during testing. Test suites are used to group similar test cases together.)
III) To implement and verify the environment.
- Test implementation has the following major task:
II) To create test suites from the test cases for efficient test execution. (Test suite is a collection of test cases that are used to test a software program to show that it has some specified set of behaviors. A test suite often contains detailed instructions and information for each collection of test cases on the system configuration to be used during testing. Test suites are used to group similar test cases together.)
III) To implement and verify the environment.
Question 3
1.What is STLC? List down all the steps of STLC?
- Software Testing Life Cycle STLC
- Software Testing is not a just a single activity. It consists of series of activities carried
- out methodologically to help certify your software product. These activities (stages)
- constitute the Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC).
The different stages in Software Test Life Cycle -
2.Briefly explain the first three test levels used in software testing
3.Write short notes on the following terms
a. Alpha testing
Alpha testing is done at the developers site. It is done at the end of the development process
b. V model
Under V-Model, the corresponding testing phase of the development phase is planned in parallel. So there are Verification phases on one side of the .V. and Validation phases on the other side. Coding phase joins the two sides of the VModel.
c. Verification of software
Verification is the process of evaluating work-products of a development phase to determine whether they meet the specified requirements.
verification ensures that the product is built according to the requirements and design specifications. It also answers to the question, Are we building the product right?
d. Software bug
A software bug is an error, flaw, failure or fault in a software application.
Question 4
1.What is test plan?.
- Test planning, the most important activity to ensure that there is initially a list of tasks and milestones in a baseline plan to track the progress of the project. It also defines the size of the test effort.
- It is the main document often called as master test plan or a project test plan and usually developed during the early phase of the project.
2.What type of errors can be tested from Black box Testing? Explain them briefly
- Black box testing: Testing, either functional or non-functional, without reference to the internal structure of the component or system.
1. Incorrect or missing functions
2. Interface errors
3. Errors in data structures or external database access
4. Behavior or performance errors
5. Initialization and termination errors
3.Compare the functional and non-functional testing in a system
Question 5
1. List out 5 components of a Test Plan
1. Background (platform)
2. Test Items (Programs/modules)
3. Features to be tested
4. Features not to be tested
5. Approach 5. Item pass/Fail criteria
6. Suspension/resumption criteria
7. Test Deliver ales
8. Testing Tasks
9. Environmental needs
10. Schedule
11. Resources
12. Risks
13. Approvals
2.Write 2 differences between walk through s and inspections
- Inspection: is used to verify the compliance of the product with specified standards and requirements. It is done by examining, comparing the product with the designs, code, artifacts and any other documentation available. It needs proper planning and overviews are done on the planning to ensure that inspections are held properly.
- Walkthroughs: Author presents their developed artifact to an audience of peers. Peers question and comment on the artifact to identify as many defects as possible. It involves no prior preparation by the audience. Usually involves minimal documentation of either the process or any arising issues. Defect tracking in walkthroughs is inconsistent.
3.What is the main reason to perform regression Testing
- Regression means retesting the unchanged parts of the application. Test cases are re-executed in order to check whether previous functionality of application is working fine and new changes have not introduced any new bugs. This test can be performed on a new build when there is significant change in original functionality or even a single bug fix.
